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ENDODONTICS OR ROOT CANAL TREATMENT
GLOSSARY
Abscess
A hole in the tooth or gum tissue filled
with pus as the result of infection. Its swelling exerts pressure on the surrounding
tissues, causing pain
Apicoectomy
Also called root
resectioning and / or root amputation. The root tip of a tooth is accessed
in the bone and a small amount is shaved away. The diseased tissue is
removed and a filling is placed to reseal the canal
Biocalex
Heavy calcium oxide used to
treat endodontic pathology. No longer commercialized under that name in
the USA or Canada. It has been replaced by EndoCal ®10. Biocalex, was
originally marketed in France and was introduced in the United Stares in
1995. Biocalex consists of heavy calcium oxide powder, zinc oxide and
liquid ethyl glycol. The material can be used as a temporary canal filling
between appointments or as a permanent filling. If a clinician intends to
use the paste as a permanent filling material, he or she should add zinc
oxide
Calcium Hydroxide Or hydrated lime
A
dry powder obtained by treating quicklime (calcium oxide) or heavy calcium
oxide with water enough to satisfy its chemical affinity for water under
the conditions of its hydration Used to fill root canals in endodontic
treatment to prevent bacterial growth
Calcium Oxide
Also called "lime". The
white oxide of calcium usually prepared by heating limestone (CaCO3) in a
kiln. Effective in the treatment of endodontic pathology, such as severe
periapical infections. Ensures specific internal permanent asepsis.
Because of its exceptional biocompatibility and reaction with moisture, it
will progressively penetrate inaccessible areas, without generating
internal pressure, while binding up necrotic tissues and stimulating the
healthy tissues
Crown
The natural crown of a tooth is
that part of the tooth covered by enamel. Also, a restorative crown is a
protective shell that fits over a tooth
EndoCal ®10
EndoCal®10 Heavy calcium
oxide is effective in the treatment of endodontic pathology, such as the
most stubborn periapical infections. EndoCal ®10 ensures specific internal
permanent asepsis. It is composed of a powder of heavy calcium oxide mixed
with zinc oxide and a solution of ethylene glycol in purified water
Endodontic
Pertaining to the inside
structures of the tooth, including the dental pulp and tooth root, and the
periapical tissue surrounding the root
Endodontist
A dentist who specializes
in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the inside
structures of the tooth
Exothermic
Formed by or characterized
by the liberation of heat. Applies to processes or reactions; for example,
the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen, or the reaction
between metallic sodium and water to form sodium hydroxide
Extraction
The surgical removal of a
tooth from its socket in the bone
Eugenol
Used to cement the gutta
percha cones into enlarged canals. Eugenol has an acid pH whereas living
tissues that surround root canals have an alkaline Ph
Gutta percha
Gutta-percha is both
structurally and chemically similar to natural rubber latex, differing
primarily in crystalline nature and physical properties. Dental
gutta-percha points reportedly contain approximately 19-22 percent
gutta-percha, 59-75 percent zinc oxide and a variety of other agents
including plasticizers, waxes, colorizers (cadmium 0.6 to 0.7%), metal
sulfates and resins It is used for filling root canals since the 1950's.
Gutta-percha is dimensionally stable, fills the root canal space without
expanding and is placed in conjunction with adhesive cement to ensure
complete sealing of the root canal.
Heavy calcium oxide
The chemical
formula of heavy calcium oxide is the same as the one for calcium oxide.
It is its properties which differ: by heating calcium nitrate we obtain a
very dense calcium oxide, with a modified molecular structure which is
compatible with endodotic treatment, strong hydrophilic properties and is
no longer exothermic reactive. It should be noted that heavy calcium
oxide, when in contact with water (or another liquid), it will be
transformed into calcium hydroxide and this new compound is equivalent to
the sum of both heavy calcium oxide and liquid. For instance, if you added
one part of heavy calcium oxide to four parts of water, you have five
parts of calcium hydroxide.not six, nine or more! It is important to
understand that heavy calcium oxide when in contact with liquids will not
swell to the point to risk fracture to the treated tooth. It will simply
be attracted to the liquid in the tubulis, convert to calcium hydroxide
and fill them and seal them, protecting them from bacterial infection
Hydrophilic
Strong attraction to
water
Pulp
The highly vascular connective
tissue contained within the pulp cavity of a tooth; made up of gelatinous
ground substance, collagenous and argyrophilic fibers, cellular elements,
terminal blood vessels and nerves
Pulp chamber
The area within the
natural crown of the tooth occupied by dental pulp
Pulpitis
Inflammation of the pulp of
a tooth involving the blood vessels and nerves
Tooth fracture
A tooth treated for
root canal can fracture for different reasons. When heavy calcium oxide is
used, if a filling is improperly sealed, or if a non-diagnosed radicular
fissure or fracture is present, an excessive quantity of liquid would then
show a vertical fracture. When gutta-percha is used, the above reasons are
also true for gutta- percha filled tooth, plus, since this material needs
to be heated to be manageable and because of its consistency it needs to
be applied with pressure in order to properly fill the area, this
aggressive manipulation plus vertical condensation from the material can
cause a vertical fracture
Root canal
The space within a tooth
that runs from the pulp chamber to the tip of the root
Root canal treatment
The process of
removing diseased or damaged pulp from a tooth, then filling and sealing
the pulp chamber and root canals
Symptoms for root canal treatment
Inside the tooth, the pulp's soft tissue contains the blood supply, by
which the tooth gets its nutrients, and the nerve, by which the tooth
senses hot and cold. This tissue is vulnerable to damage from deep dental
decay, accidental injury, tooth fracture, or trauma from repeated dental
procedures (such as multiple fillings over time). If a tooth becomes
diseased or injured, bacteria build up inside the pulp, spreading
infection from the natural crown of the tooth to the root tips in the
jawbone. Pus accumulates at the ends of the roots, forming a painful
abscess which can damage the bone supporting the teeth. Such an infection
may produce pain that is severe, constant, or throbbing, as well as
prolonged sensitivity to heat or cold, swelling and tenderness in the
surrounding gums, facial swelling, and discoloration of the tooth.
However, in some cases, the pulp may die so gradually that there is little
noticeable pain.
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